Thursday, March 30, 2017

Chapter Ten. Realistic Fiction

Chapter 10. Realistic Fiction

Realistic fiction is also known as contemporary realistic fiction (CRF) or Modern Realistic Fiction (MRF). The base of these stories is set in contemporary or modern times.  They are believable. Everything within the story is consistent with the real world.  Characters, settings, and events are real. This, of course, separates these books from historical fiction and fantasy and science fiction.   

There are 3 questions that need to be asked in evaluating the criteria for these books:  

  1. Is everything consistent with the real world in which contemporary kids live?  

These elements need to be taken into consideration in order for the story to be parallel with real life. Things such as speech and behavior and gender and cultural elements must all be taken into consideration. The purpose of this is to share realistic fiction and avoid all sorts of stereotypes. Even the way in which the characters dress plays an important role in this. All this is important in realistic fiction as to avoid stereotypes.

  1. Does the theme emerge naturally from the story?  

Is it subtle and avoids a preaching or a didactic? Good realistic fiction covers more than one theme. Themes should be worked in inconspicuously, not beat into one’s brain. They should develop slowly and be consistent. We want the readers to become aware of the theme in a not too drastic way.

  1. How does the topic or subject matter of the book relate to modern readers?  
One thing about realistic fiction is that it is indeed, realistic. It does so by covering difficult topics to handle such as death and loss, sexuality and sexual orientation, changing family structure, and so many similar topics. Topics that may have at one point been seeing as taboos and “unspeakable” truths about everyday life are now becoming more important subject matters in the books that target young readers. It is important to touch on issues that children are curious about and might otherwise be prevented from learning more.

I would say that of the different types of readings in which the youth can engage in, realistic fiction is possibly the one that is probably going to get their attention even more than anything else. Because some of these kids may not get to talk to other adults or professionals even about their insecurities and doubts and issues, it is important that they at least feel that whatever it is that they’re facing, they’re not the only ones. Paying close attention to this criteria will definitely get a collection of realistic fiction that is worthy of the readers’ attention. 

Tuesday, March 28, 2017

Chapter Nine: Historical Fiction

Chapter Nine. Historical Fiction
What is historical fiction? A simple definition is just a story of the past. The question that arises here is when does the classification of historical start? Depending on the age of the person, some may think of history as something that happened this morning, yesterday, when we were little, or something that happened before we were even born. Reading historical fiction allows readers the opportunity to vicariously experience what it might have been like to live in a previous time and place.
The following is criteria used to evaluate historical fiction for children:
  1. Does the book tell a good story that effortlessly blends the history in the story itself?  
  2. Are the facts of the historical period accurate?  
  3. How are the values of the time brought to life?  
  4. Is everything consistent with the social milieu?  Clothing, architecture, music, even speech patterns need to reflect the historic period.  
  5. Does the theme of the story relate to contemporary readers?  


Chapter Eight: Poetry


Chapter Eight. Poetry.
Study shows that children:
1.      Prefer Narrative Poetry- Getting a story is natural for them. They like them!
2.      Dislike to Read Free Verse and Haiku-They might like writing them but not reading them.
3.      Strong preferences for Rhyme and Rhythm and sound devices-They like listening to pleasant sounds (rhyming with alliteration and onomatopoeia and play with the language.
4.      They like funny poems and poems about familiar experience and animals.
5.      They have a preference for contemporary poetry since the language is something they recognize and understand.
Additional criteria that children like:
6.      Lively poems with rhythm and meters
7.      Emphasize sounds and play on words
8.      Visual images and words that allow children to interact with them.
9.      Simple stories and introducing stirring scenes of actions
10.  Poems shouldn’t be brought down to a lower level, where the child is supposed to be.
11.  Allow children to interact with the poem.
12.  Subjects should touch the child
13.  Good enough for repeated reads.
Another method to use in the selection of poems is to look at the list of awards granted for poetry:
The NCTE Award for Excellence in Poetry for Children and the Lee Bennett Hopkins Poetry Award. 


This is a list of criteria that should be considered in poetry evaluation for selection:

1.      Is the subject of the poem something with which children would be familiar?  
2.      Does the poem use imagery?  
3.      Does the poem rhyme?  Even if poetry does not have to rhyme, young readers seem to enjoy it very much.   
4.      How is rhythm used?
5. What role does sound play? Alliteration, consonance, assonance, onomatopoeia are all part of hown sounds play a role in poems.  
Additional Criteria to evaluate poetry:

  1. ·         Sound: Does it sound good?
  2. ·         Language: Does the poem use alliteration, assonance, repetition, onomatopoeia
  3. ·         Rhythm: Is it pronounced? Is it obvious?
  4. ·         Sensory Images: Are they clear? Are they within the experiences of the children?
  5. ·         Rhyme: Is the poetry rhymed? Does the poem offer to the young child the predictability of rhyming words?
  6. ·         Humor: Does it have humor?
  7. ·         Emotional Intensity: How has the poet created the emotional intensity of the poem?
  8. ·         Quality of imagination: What is the quality of imagination in the poem? Does it patronize childhood by looking down on it? Is it preachy?
  9. ·         Substance: Does the poem offer substance? Does the poem offer the child an idea or feeling to ponder or delight in?
  10. ·         Purpose: What purpose does it serve?

Additional Questions for Criteria in Poetry Selection:

1. Can children understand it? With adult help?
2. Does it stir emotion (delight, sadness)?
3. Does it play with the sounds of language?
4. Is it age appropriate?
5. Does it allow the reader to be interactive with poem?
6. Is the subject matter appealing, appropriate?
7. Will it be able to stand up under repeated readings?
8. Will it accompany you through life?

 It is crucial to use this criteria in selecting poetry for children so that they enjoy it and so that they don't develop a hatred for it like a lot of people do because of a poor selection process by the teachers. 

Chapter Seven: Awards

Chapter Seven. Awards
An excellent way to find interesting and worthy reads is by using awards lists as reference. Chances are that if a book has received an award, it is a worthy read. One may not necessarily aware of just how many different awards are out there. When I took a Children’s Lit class in college I became familiar with the Newberry Medal and that was pretty much it. When I took Children’s Lit last semester, I learned a bit more about other awards. Looking at this list is a bit overwhelming and fascinating at the same time. It even makes me think that since there are so many awards out there, that if I were to write a book, which I fully intend on doing, I have a chance to receive a recognition, haha. The interesting part about all these awards is that the types of awards cover pretty much every different kind of category, meaning that if you’re not particularly fond of a certain type of ook, etc., there are many lists from which one can go off of in selecting reads. For instance, YALSA launched a Teen Book Finder Data base which is a “one-stop” shop to find selected lists and award winners. The resource is free and it is easy to use. All the user has to do is search the database by award, list, name, year, author, genre, and more. This new resource is soon to replace the individual award and list web pages currently used on YALSA’s site that are not searchable and are only organized by year. YALSA’s portfolio of book and media awards helps strengthen library services for and with teens by identifying quality, age appropriate resources for librarians and library workers to share with the teens in their communities.

PRINTZ
The Michael L. Printz Award annually honors the best book written for teens based entirely on its literary merit. The Printz Committee names up to four honor books that also represent the best writing in young adult literature.
The award's namesake was a school librarian in Topeka, Kansas, and an active member of YALSA. He had a passion for books and reading. He also appreciated the authors who wrote books for young adults and demonstrated this by initiating an author-in-residence program at his high school. The award is sponsored by Booklist, a publication of the American Library Association.

YALSA's Award for Excellence in Nonfiction honors the best nonfiction book published for young adults (ages 12-18) during a Nov. 1 – Oct. 31 publishing year. The winner is announced annually at the ALA Youth Media Awards, with a shortlist of up to five titles named the first week of December.



The Great Graphic Novels for Teens is only a list that recommends graphic novels and illustrated nonfiction for those ages 12-18. This list is prepared on a yearly basis by YALSA.



YALSA’s Best Fiction for Young Adults Committee presents fiction titles published for young adults in the past 16 months that are recommended reading for ages 12 to 18. The purpose of the annual list it to provide librarians and library workers with a resource to use for collection development and reader’s advisory purposes.
The committee evolved from a committee established under the School Libraries Section of ALA, which was charged with producing a list of 1930's "Best Books for Young People." The committee has undergone several changes of focus and names over the years, including the Book Selection Committee (1954), and later the Committee for the Selection of Significant Adult Books for Young People (1963). It became the Best Books for Young Adults Committee (BBYA) in 1966. As publishing for the young adult market grew exponentially (over 2,000 titles per year in 2008) and seven other YALSA selection and award lists for young adults were created since its inception, Best Books for Young Adults was restructured and named Best Fiction for Young Adults by the YALSA Board of Directors at the Midwinter Meeting in 2010. 


The Margaret A. Edwards Award, established in 1988, honors an author, as well as a specific body of his or her work, for significant and lasting contribution to young adult literature. The annual award is administered by YALSA and sponsored by School Library Journal magazine. It recognizes an author's work in helping adolescents become aware of themselves and addressing questions about their role and importance in relationships, society, and in the world.  The Edwards award celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2013.



The Alex Awards are given to ten books written for adults that have special appeal to young adults, ages 12 through 18. The winning titles are selected from the previous year's publishing. The Alex Awards were first given annually beginning in 1998 and became an official ALA award in 2002.

The award is sponsored by the Margaret A. Edwards Trust. Edwards pioneered young adult library services and worked for many years at the Enoch Pratt Library in Baltimore. Her work is described in her book Fair Garden and the Swarm of Beasts, and over the years she has served as an inspiration to many librarians who serve young adults. The Alex Awards are named after Edwards, who was called “Alex” by her friends.



This annual award will be given to the producer of the best audiobook produced for children and/or young adults, available in English in the United States.  The selection committee may also select honor titles. The Odyssey Award is jointly given and administered by the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) and the Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA), divisions of ALA, and is sponsored by Booklist.
The selection committee consists of nine members: four members appointed by ALSC; four members appointed by YALSA; a chair, whose appointment alternates between ALSC and YALSA divisions; and a consultant from the staff of Booklist magazine who works with audiobooks.  The consultant may participate fully in all book discussions but may not participate in voting.


The William C. Morris YA Debut Award, first awarded in 2009, honors a debut book published by a first-time author writing for teens and celebrating impressive new voices in young adult literature.  The award's namesake is William C. Morris, an influential innovator in the publishing world and an advocate for marketing books for children and young adults. Bill Morris left an impressive mark on the field of children’s and young adult literature. He was beloved in the publishing field and the library profession for his generosity and marvelous enthusiasm for promoting literature for children and teens.


The books on this list offer opportunities to discover new ideas, and provide an introduction to the fascinating variety of subjects within an academic discipline. Readers will gain an understanding of our diverse world and build a foundation to deepen their response to that world. This list is developed every five years.
A YALSA committee of public, secondary school, and academic librarians selects the list.  Revised every five years as a tool for several audiences (students preparing for college, educators, librarians, and parents) it offers opportunities for independent reading and lifelong learning. Use it to round out your reading as you prepare for college entrance exams and courses, to strengthen your knowledge in a variety of subject areas and enhance appreciation for different cultures and times.


Each year, the Popular Paperbacks committee creates lists of books to encourage young adults to read for pleasure. The lists of popular or topical titles are widely available in paperback and represent a broad variety of accessible themes and genres.


The Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers list identifies titles aimed at encouraging reading among teens who dislike to read for whatever reason. The list selects both fiction and nonfiction.


YALSA’s Readers’ Choice list seeks to engage a wide audience of librarians, educators, teens and young adult literature enthusiasts in choosing the most popular teen titles in a given year, as organized by broad genres.  The list will also provide librarians with a timely means of identifying popular teen titles on an ongoing basis.  Nominations will be posted monthly, with a final vote taking place each November.  Any individual, provided he/she is not the author or an employee of the publisher, or a current member of the Readers’ Choice List Committee may nominate a title via an online form, while only YALSA members are eligible to vote for the final ballot, which is sent in the November issue of YALSA E-News.


The Teens' Top Ten is a "teen choice" list, where teens nominate and choose their favorite books of the previous year! Nominators are members of teen book groups in fifteen school and public libraries around the country. Nominations are posted on the Thursday of National Library Week, and teens across the country vote on their favorite titles each year. Readers ages twelve to eighteen will vote online between August 15 and Teen Read Week™ (October 9-15, 2016) here on the Teens' Top Ten site. The winners will be announced the week after Teen Read Week.


Each year, YALSA's Amazing Audiobooks committee selects and annotates an annual list of notable audio recordings significant to young adults from those released in the past two years. The name of the list became Amazing Audiobooks for Young Adults with the 2009 list and was previously known as Selected Audiobooks for Young Adults.



Since 1987, the Young Adults' Choices project has developed an annual list of new books that will encourage adolescents to read. The books are selected by the readers themselves, so they are bound to be popular with middle and secondary school students. The reading list is a trusted source of book recommendations, used by adolescents, their parents, teachers, and librarians.



The Texas Lone Star list is a recommended reading list developed by public and school librarians from the Young Adult Round Table. The purpose of the list is to encourage students in grades 6, 7, or 8 to explore a variety of current books. The Lone Star list is intended for recreational reading, not to support a specific curriculum. Due to the diversity of this age range, Texas librarians should purchase titles on this list according to their individual collection policies.


The original idea for what would develop into the Tayshas Reading list came from Dallas area librarians, Gracelyn Shea, YART Chair, and Monta Skaggs, YART Chair-Elect. They knew they wanted a high school reading list for the State of Texas and they knew just the man to get the job done. In 1996, they approached San Antonio librarian, Jack Alton Strawn and asked him to bring their idea to life. Mr. Strawn was given just a couple of months to create the program, develop guidelines, design a logo, name the program, and find committee members. In fact, he was even given the daunting task of selecting the first list by himself so it would be ready to feature at that year’s conference. The Tayshas Reading List was developed to motivate young adults, grades 9-12, to become lifelong readers and to participate in the community of young adult readers throughout Texas. Year first list was published in 1996.

Maverick Graphic Novels History Brief History of the Texas Maverick Graphic Novels Reading List. The Maverick Graphic Novels Reading List was the brain child of then library school students Alicia Holston and Tuan Nguyen, who both share a passion for reading graphic novels. With the help of librarians Renee Dyer (Weslaco ISD), Wylaina Hildreth (Denton Public Library), Laura Jewell (Plano Public Library) and Jennifer Smith (East Central ISD), the Maverick Graphic Novels Reading List was created and approved in 2009 to encourage young adult readers, grades 6-12, to explore a variety of current books in graphic novel format. The name, “Maverick” was chosen for this reading list because Texas was the first state to create a graphic novel reading list- we were the Mavericks in the field. Year first list was published in 2010.


Each spring, Mystery Writers of America present the Edgar® Awards, widely acknowledged to be the most prestigious awards in the genre.
All books, short stories and television shows in the mystery, crime, suspense, and intrigue fields are eligible for Edgar® Awards in their respective category if they were published or produced for the first time in the U.S. during the 2017 calendar year. Books from non-U.S. publishers are eligible if they are widely distributed in the U.S. and are readily available on the shelves in brick-and-mortar stores for the first time during 2017 (“Special order” titles would not qualify).
It is the ultimate responsibility of the publisher/author to ensure that works are submitted to the correct category. A regularly updated list of works submitted by category can be found here. Submission of a work to the wrong category can result in that work’s disqualification from Edgar consideration.
  

The NCTE Poetry Award was established in 1977 to honor a living American poet for his or her aggregate work for children. The award was given annually until 1982 and every three years until 2009. The NCTE Poetry Committee selects the winner every two years based upon the appeal to children, literary merit (art and craft of aggregate work), contributions, and evolution of the work.

The Orbis Pictus Award for Outstanding Nonfiction for Children recognizes books which demonstrate excellence in the "writing of nonfiction for children." It is awarded annually by the National Council of Teachers of English to one American book published the previous year. Up to five titles may be designated as Honor Books. The award is named after the book considered to be the first picture book for children, Orbis Pictus (The World in Pictures), by John Amos Comenius, which was published in 1657.


The Batchelder Award is given to the most outstanding children’s book originally published in a language other than English in a country other than the United States, and subsequently translated into English for publication in the United States.


In 1982, Scott O'Dell established The Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction. The annual award of $5,000 goes to an author for a meritorious book published in the previous year for children or young adults.  Scott O'Dell established this award to encourage other writers--particularly new authors--to focus on historical fiction. He hoped in this way to increase the interest of young readers in the historical background that has helped to shape their country and their world.


The award is named after Pura Belpré, the first Latina librarian at the New York Public Library. The Pura Belpré Award, established in 1996, is presented annually to a Latino/Latina writer and illustrator whose work best portrays, affirms, and celebrates the Latino cultural experience in an outstanding work of literature for children and youth. It is co-sponsored by the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC), a division of the American Library Association (ALA), and REFORMA, the National Association to Promote Library and Information Services to Latinos and the Spanish-Speaking, an ALA affiliate. 

The Schneider Family Book Awards honor an author or illustrator for a book that embodies an artistic expression of the disability experience for child and adolescent audiences.


The Robert F. Sibert Informational Book Medal is awarded annually to the author(s) and illustrator(s) of the most distinguished informational book published in the United States in English during the preceding year. The award is named in honor of Robert F. Sibert, the long-time President of Bound to Stay Bound Books, Inc. of Jacksonville, Illinois. ALSC administers the award.

The first and most enduring award for GLBT books is the Stonewall Book Awards, sponsored by the American Library Association's Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Round Table. Since Isabel Miller's Patience and Sarah received the first award in 1971, many other books have been honored for exceptional merit relating to the gay/lesbian/bisexual/transgender experience.
The Stonewall Book Award-Barbara Gittings Literature Award, the Stonewall Book Award-Israel Fishman Non-Fiction Award and the Stonewall Book Award-Mike Morgan and Larry Romans Children’s and Young Adult Literature Award are presented to English language works published the year prior to the announcement date. The award is announced in January and presented to the winning authors or editors at the American Library Association Annual Conference in June or July. The award winners each receive a commemorative plaque and $1,000.
Anyone may suggest a title to the Stonewall Book Awards Committee for consideration. Members of the Stonewall Book Awards Committee may not recommend a book that they have contributed to, edited, or in any other way been affiliated with, or a book authored or edited by a member of their immediate family or anyone with whom they currently share a household. A short statement describing why the book is being recommended should accompany the request.


Chapter Six: Literary Elements

Chapter Six. Literary Elements

Literature, of course, goes hand in hand with literary elements and literary devices. Reading for fun allows us to enjoy the various genres without really having to focus on thorough analysis. When we read for educational purpose, naturally, we are taught to view literature differently. However, it is important, I believe, that whether we are reading for fun, or for educational value, it is an advantage to be able to identify a deeper purpose in the author’s choice of words.
Literary Elements

Antagonist- is the character who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something, especially the main character

Character- a person in a novel, play, or movie

Conflict- involves a struggle between two opposing forces usually a protagonist and an antagonist

Mood and Tone- the identification of the tone and mood in literatures is an important clue to discover the literary’s theme. Considering how the author creates a tone and mood helps the reader understand and appreciate the author’s style

Plot- describes the events that make up a story or the main part of a story. 

Protagonist- this is the good guy, or gal! This is the character whose life we're most concerned with or whose inner life we're given access to. A protagonist is often opposed by an antagonist of some sort, who keeps our main character in conflict until he triumphs over it.

Setting- is the time and place in which the story takes place. It can also include social statuses, weather, historical period, and details about immediate surroundings. Settings can be real or fictional, or a combination of both real and fictional elements.

Themes- a universal idea that a writer repeats in his work, making it the most significant idea in a literary work.

Literary Devices
  • Allegory- a story with two levels of meaning. First, there's the surface of the story: the characters and plot, etc. Then there's the symbolic level, or the deeper meaning.
  • Allusion-used to reference another object outside of the work of literature. The object can be a real or fictional person, event, quote, or other work of artistic expression
  • Archetype-a reoccurring symbol or motif throughout literature that represents universal patterns of human nature.
  • Deus ex machine-a rather debatable and often criticized form of literary device. It refers to the incidence where an implausible concept or character is brought into the story in order to make the conflict in the story resolve and to bring about a pleasing solution.
  • Hyperbole-uses specific words and phrases that exaggerate and overemphasize the basic crux of the statement in order to produce a grander, more noticeable effect. The purpose of hyperbole is to create a larger-than-life effect and overly stress a specific point.
  • Imagery Definition-consists of descriptive language that can function as a way for the reader to better imagine the world of the piece of literature and also add symbolism to the work.
  • Metaphor- is a comparison of two unlike objects. One object is used to represent another.
  • Motif- is any element, subject, idea or concept that is constantly present through the entire body of literature. Using a motif refers to the repetition of a specific theme dominating the literary work.
  • Point of view-the angle of considering things, which shows us the opinion, or feelings of the individuals involved in a situation. It is the mode of narration that an author employs to let the readers “hear” and “see” what takes place in a story, poem, essay etc.
  • Simile- makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words “like” or “as”. Therefore, it is a direct comparison.
  • Symbolism- means to introduce objects with a certain meaning that is different from their original meaning or function. Other literary devices, such as metaphor, allegory, and allusion, aid in the development of symbolism.


In selecting YA Literature Reads for our classrooms, or our librarians, I believe that a good option to incorporate in these selections is identifying the use of these elements within the books as to expose these young readings to these elements. In doing so, these elements will bring a lot more teaching opportunities so in addition to these young readers benefiting with great plots, they’ll appreciate author’s style and purpose by being able to identify these devices.